The Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne - 1054 Words

In Nathaniel Hawthorne s, Scarlet Letter, the little girl Pearl, is the living and breathing symbol of adultrey which is proven by her mother and unknown father to admit their sins to all of the townspeople. Pearl herself, is the Scarlet Letter which sometimes leads to her being given the characteristics of a demon. Pearl s spirit, love for nature and many other characteristics that she carries, reveals her distinct and unusual personality. She also understands many things that a regular 7 year old wouldn t even think about, proving that she is a symbol. Pearl, is also the biggest connection between Hester, her mother, and the minister, Arthur Dimmesdale, whom is her father. In her was visible the tie that united them. She had been†¦show more content†¦The comparison between these magical characters adds to her separation from all of the other towns children. When she is compared to this red bird, the color is emphasized due to the visual we are given through the book and the specification of the bird since she is full of wild energy. At first, Pearl symbolizes the shame of Hesters public punishment for her adultery. As she grows older, she becomes the symbol of how much of a wreck Hesters life and mental state by making a point of the letter A every single chance she can get. Pearl is the living symbol of the scarlet letter. Pearl basically is there to make Hester just accept her sin. Pearl makes sure that Hester never takes off the letter as well. Later in the book, she acts as though she does not recognize her mother when she takes off the letter. Pearl would much rather see her mother stand up to her sin instead of run away from it. So when Hester tries to throw away the letter, Pearl becomes rather upset. Hawthorne also shows that Pearl is not just a symbolic figure for the letter but also a literal figure. Hester even says that Pearl is the living scarlet letter and causes Hester much more stress than the letter itself. Pearl simply wants her mother to believe that she is bigger than the sun she committed. H ester believes that she is the worst sinner and her daughter can sense this. When the town leaders wanted to take Pearl away for Hester, one reason she

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Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 36-37 Free Essays

36 JENNY, ROBERT, RIVERA, AMANDA, TRAVIS, HOWARD, AND THE SPIDER Rivera drove Robert and Jennifer to their house. They sat in the back, holding each other the whole way, not saying a word until they thanked him when he dropped them off. On the drive back to the station Rivera tried to formulate a story that would save his career. We will write a custom essay sample on Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 36-37 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Any version of the true story seemed like a sure ticket to a psychological disability retirement. In the end he decided to tell the story as far as the point where The Breeze disappeared. A month later Rivera was pumping Slush-Puppies at the Seven-Eleven, working undercover for the robbery division. However, with the arrest of a team of robbers that had terrorized convenience stores in the county for six months, he was promoted to lieutenant. Amanda and Travis rode with Howard. At Amanda’s request, Gian Hen Gian saw that Effrom’s body was turned to stone and placed inside the cave. When Howard stopped in front of Amanda’s house, she invited Travis to come inside. He refused at first, wanting to leave her alone with her grief. â€Å"Have you completely missed the significance of all this, Travis?† she asked. â€Å"I guess so,† he said. â€Å"Did it occur to you that the presence of Catch and Gian Hen Gian proves that Effrom is not gone completely? I will miss him, but he goes on. And I don’t want to be alone right now. I helped you when you needed it,† she said, and she waited. Travis went in. Howard went home to work on a new menu for his restaurant. Chief Technical Sergeant Nailsworth never found out what happened to Roxanne or who she really was, and he was heartbroken. Because of his grief he was unable to eat, lost a hundred and fifty pounds, met a girl at a computer user’s meeting, and married her. He never had computer sex again outside the privacy of his home. 37 GOOD GUYS Augustus Brine declined offers for a ride home. He wanted to walk. He needed to think. Gian Hen Gian walked at his side. â€Å"I can repair your truck, make it fly if you wish,† the Djinn said. â€Å"I don’t want it,† Brine said. â€Å"I’m not even sure I want to go home.† â€Å"You may do as you wish, Augustus Brine.† â€Å"I don’t want to go back to the store either. I think I’ll give the business to Robert and Jenny.† â€Å"Is it wise to put the drunkard in the wine barrel?† â€Å"He won’t drink anymore. I want them to have the house, too. I’ll start the paperwork in the morning.† â€Å"It is done.† â€Å"Just like that?† â€Å"You doubt the word of the King of the Djinn?† They walked in silence for a while before Brine spoke again. â€Å"It seems wrong that Travis has lived so long without having a life, without love.† â€Å"Like yourself, you mean?† â€Å"No, not like myself. I’ve had a good life.† â€Å"Would you have me make him young again?† Brine thought for a moment before he answered. â€Å"Could you make him age in reverse? For each year that passes he is a year younger?† â€Å"It can be done.† â€Å"And her, too?† â€Å"Her?† â€Å"Amanda. Could you make them grow young together?† â€Å"It can be done, if you command it.† â€Å"I do.† â€Å"It is done. Will you tell them?† â€Å"No, not right away. It will be a nice surprise.† â€Å"And what of yourself, Augustus Brine? What is it you wish?† â€Å"I don’t know. I always thought I’d make a good madam.† Before the Djinn could say anything else, Rachel’s van sputtered up beside them and stopped. She rolled down the window and said, â€Å"Do you need a ride, Gus?† â€Å"He is trying to think,† the Djinn snapped. â€Å"Don’t be rude,† Brine said to the Djinn. â€Å"Which way are you going?† â€Å"I don’t know for sure. I don’t feel like going home – maybe ever.† Brine walked around the front of the van and slid open the cargo door. â€Å"Get in, Gian Hen Gian.† The Djinn got into the van. Brine slammed the cargo door and climbed into the passenger seat next to Rachel. â€Å"Well?† she said. â€Å"East,† Brine said. â€Å"Nevada.† It was called King’s Lake. When it appeared in the desert, it simultaneously appeared on every map of Nevada that had ever been printed. People who had passed through that part of the state swore that they had never seen it before, yet there it was on the map. Above the tree-lined banks of King’s Lake stood a palace with a hundred rooms. Atop the palace a massive electric sign read, BRINE’S BAIT, TACKLE, AND FINE WOMEN. Anyone who visited the palace was greeted by a beautiful, dark-haired woman, who took their money and led them to a room. On their way out a tiny brown man in a rumpled suit returned their money and wished them well. Upon returning home the visitors told of a white-haired man who sat all day in the lotus position at the end of a pier in front of the palace, fishing and smoking a pipe. They said that when evening approached, the dark-haired woman would join the man and together they would watch the sun go down. The visitors were never quite clear as to what had happened to them while they were at the palace. It didn’t seem to matter. But after a visit they found that they appreciated the simple pleasures that life presented to them and they were happy. And although they recommended Brine’s to their friends, they never returned themselves. What went on in the rooms is another story altogether. How to cite Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 36-37, Essay examples

Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals †Free Sample to Students

Question: Discuss about the Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals. Answer: Introduction: Dimethyl Ether (DME) is an organic isomer of ethanol, it is chemically represented as CH3OCH3 (Semelsberger, Borup and Greene 2006). It is a colorless, volatile, non-poisonous, liquid compound used as fuel, aerosol, propellant, solvent and refrigerant (Semelsberger, Borup and Greene 2006). When DME burns a blue flame is observed (Semelsberger, Borup and Greene 2006). Both liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and diesel could be replaced by dimethyl ether. A variety of raw materials like natural gas, crude oil, residual oil, coal and waste products have been used to produce DME (Azizi, Rezaeimanesh, Tohidian and Rahimpour 2014). Among these raw materials natural gas management is the prominently used as it is widely available (Azizi, Rezaeimanesh, Tohidian and Rahimpour 2014). DME is synthesized either using the direct route by directly synthesizing DME from syngas using a single stage bi-functional catalyst or the indirect route by producing methanol from syngas and then purifying it and converting it to DME (Azizi, Rezaeimanesh, Tohidian and Rahimpour 2014). The advantages and disadvantages of using DME are that it has a high cetane number (Huang, Wang, Chen, Zhou and Jiang 1999), due to which it has better combustion quality than diesel management. Therefore, an engine designed to run on DME would have better efficiency and mileage. DME has no carbon-to-carbon bonds (Huang, Wang, Chen, Zhou and Jiang 1999) as shown in Fig.1 so it reduces particulate emissions (Sorenson and Mikkelsen 1995) and eliminates the need for costly diesel particulate filters. DME requires a fuel tank twice in size as that needed for diesel because it has half the energy density of diesel (Semelsberger, Borup and Greene 2006). DME has lower viscosity than diesel which increases leakage in pumps and fuel injectors (Semelsberger, Borup and Greene 2006). The lubrication issues present while using DME causes premature wear and failure of pumps and fuel injectors (Semelsberger, Borup and Greene 2006). In a diesel engine fuel mixed with air ignites under high pressure and temperature (Taylor 1966). This type of combustion is heterogeneous and takes place at constant pressure (Taylor 1966). Unlike spark ignition engines, compression ignition engines have no tendency to knock, hence they can operate at significantly higher compression ratios and have better efficiency (Heywood, 1988). In diesel engine fuel is injected at the end of the combustion stroke and burns mostly as a diffusion combustion which enables lean burn, thereby improving the thermal efficiency (Taylor 1966). A three-way catalyst cannot be used for after treatment due to the lean burn mode which complicates the after treatment system, thus increasing the cost and emissions (Heywood, 1988). GT-suite is a popular simulation software developed by Gamma Technologies which is predominantly used for 1D simulation studies. It is used to study gas exchange rate and combustion simulations using a 1D unsteady, non-linear Navier-Stokes equation. It finds application in understanding the effects of combustion, heat transfer, evaporation, turbulence and so on. There are two kinds of combustion models in GT-Power. Non predictive combustion model:- In this model the burn rate is imposed and does not depend on the in cylinder conditions to characterize combustion and emission patterns (Gamma Technologies, 2015). It has fast simulation time and is used to evaluate the concepts that do not have an impact on the burn rate characteristics, but is not used to study the concepts that have an impact on burn rate like injection timings (Gamma Technologies, 2015). Predictive combustion model:- In this model the burn rate is calculated for each cycle based on the in cylinder conditions. It is used to study the concepts that have an impact on the burn rate but requires longer simulation time (Gamma Technologies, 2015). Phenomenological predictive combustion models make use of zone modelling, where the combustion is modelled to take place in single or multiple zones. In single zone combustion model injection, evaporation, mixing and subsequent burning of fuel happen in a single zone (Barba, Burkhardt, Boulouchos and Bargende 2000). Whereas multi zone models work by dividing injected fuel packets into multiple zones, each of these zones are treated as open systems (Jung and Assanis 2001). Multi zone combustion provides better spatial resolution compared to single zone models thereby enabling better prediction of performance and emission related parameters (Jung and Assanis 2001). GT-suite software used to model diesel engine is discussed in the su cceeding section. GT-Suite software has two specific multi zone combustion models for diesel engines namely DI-Jet and DI-Pulse (Gamma Technologies, 2015). DI-Jet Combustion model:- It is a multi-zone, multi-phase, quasi-dimensional model wherein the injected fuel is divided into a number of axial splices, each containing five radial zones (Gamma Technologies, 2015).. Each zone is further subdivided into subzones containing liquid fuel, vapour-air mixture and burned gas (Gamma Technologies, 2015). This type of multi zone approach yields better prediction about emissions of the engine. DI-Pulse Combustion model:- It is a phenomenological, multi-zone combustion model used for predicting in-cylinder combustion and emission parameters for direct injection diesel engine (Gamma Technologies, 2015). It is a three zone combustion model which is significantly quicker than DI-Jet model (Gamma Technologies, 2015). This is achieved by dividing the cylinder volume into three discrete thermodynamic zones, namely the main unburnt zone, the spray unburnt zone and the spray burnt zone each with its own temperature and concentration (Gamma Technologies, 2015). Therefore, GT-Suite is a powerful software for conducting simulation studies in diesel engines. It has the requisite tools to evaluate the performance and emission characteristics of any diesel engine. Literature indicates that DME improves the emission characteristics of diesel engine without compromising on performance. GT-Suite could be used as an effective tool to validate the same. Research has to be carried out in reducing the size of the fuel tank, elimination of leakage in pumps and fuel injectors and improving DMEs lubrication properties so as to reduce the wear and tear of pumps and fuel injectors. References Semelsberger, T.A., Borup, R.L. and Greene, H.L. (2006). Dimethyl ether (DME) as an alternative fuel. Journal of Power Sources, 156, pp. 497-511. Azizi, Z., Rezaeimanesh, M., Tohidian, T. and Rahimpour, M.R. (2014) Dimethyl Ether: A Review of Technologies and Production Challenges management. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 82, pp. 150-172. Huang, Z.H., Wang, H.W., Chen, H.Y., Zhou, L.B. and Jiang, D.M. (1999). Study on combustion characteristics of a compression ignition engine fuelled with dimethyl ether. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 213(D), pp. 647-652. Sorenson, S.C. and Mikkelsen, S.E. (1995). Performance and Emissions of a 0.273 Liter Direct Injection Diesel Engine Fueled with Neat Dimethyl Ether. SAE Technical Paper, 104(4), pp. 80-90. Taylor, C.F. (1966). The Internal-Combustion Engine in Theory and Practice. Cambridge: The MIT Press. Heywood, J.B. (1988). Internal combustion engine fundamentals. New York: McGraw-Hill. Gamma Technologies. (2015). GT-SUITE: Engine Performance Application Manual version 7.5. Westmont: Gamma Technologies. Barba, C., Burkhardt, C., Boulouchos, K. and Bargende, M. (2000). A Phenomenological Combustion Model for Heat Release Rate Prediction in High-Speed DI Diesel Engines with Common Rail Injection. SAE Technical Paper. Jung, D. and Assanis, D. (2001). Multi-Zone DI Diesel Spray Combustion Model for Cycle Simulation Studies of Engine Performance and Emissions. SAE Technical Paper. 110(3).